Red Rosa also, it seems, has gone.
She is dead
And where she now lies is quite unknown.
She told the poor the truth, with such persistence
The rich expunged her from this existence.
Rest in peace.
.
(Bertolt Brecht / ‘Red Rosa’)
Rosa Luxemburg was, with with Karl Liebknecht, one of the founders of the revolutionary Spartacist League that later became the Communist Party of Germany. The Spartacist League participated in the unsuccessful Berlin revolution of January 1919. She and Liebknecht were abducted by Freikorps soldiers on 15 January 1919, and taken to the famous Hotel Adlon in Berlin where they were tortured and interrogated for several hours. They were then beaten unconscious with rifle butts, shot, and their bodies thrown into a nearby river.
At the end of the Second World War, one of her killers was captured in Berlin by the NKVD (Russian secret police); a record of his interogation is online.
She embodied political commitment, intellectual ability, and the quest for empowerment as a woman. Many of her writings are available online in English translation at the Rosa Luxemburg Internet Archive. The Rosa Luxemburg Foundation has links to versions in other languages.
Her best epitaph is the words she wrote herself only hours before her murder:
Tomorrow the revolution will already ‘raise itself with a rattle’ and announce with fanfare, to your terror:
I was, I am, I shall be!